Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly Declared Resident Species in the UK
The large tortoiseshell butterfly is now a resident species in the UK after being declared extinct in the last century. This remarkable comeback is underscored by the butterfly’s recent sightings in woodlands across Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Dorset, Cornwall, and the Isle of Wight.
This is the first time in Butterfly Conservation‘s 58-year history that the large tortoiseshell has been classified as resident rather than migratory. Richard Fox, a representative from Butterfly Conservation, stated, “It is resident and therefore it is another species to add to Britain’s total, which is good news.” The return of this species has increased Britain’s native butterfly count to 60.
The large tortoiseshell butterfly, larger than its smaller counterpart, the small tortoiseshell, is distinguished by its lack of white markings. Historically, this butterfly flourished in Britain during the 1940s but was considered extinct by the 1960s, primarily due to factors such as Dutch elm disease.
Recent observations indicate that the large tortoiseshell’s return is likely linked to rising populations in the Netherlands and France, along with favorable climate changes. Caterpillars of the species have been found feeding in the wild since 2020, confirming that the butterfly is breeding again in Britain. Fox remarked, “The signs are really positive, which is lovely.”
The large tortoiseshell’s caterpillars feed on various trees, including elm, willow, aspen, and poplar. As an adult, the butterfly hibernates and emerges in spring to mate and lay eggs, with adults from this year’s offspring expected to take flight during midsummer.
Butterfly Conservation is actively encouraging the public to log sightings of the large tortoiseshell using the iRecord app, which could further aid in monitoring the species’ recovery. However, details remain unconfirmed regarding whether the large tortoiseshell will be widespread across multiple landscapes in the UK.
As observers continue to monitor the situation, the excitement surrounding the large tortoiseshell’s return reflects a broader trend in conservation efforts aimed at restoring native species to their former habitats. Richard Fox noted, “We’re still in that zone of uncertainty at the moment, but there are exciting signs.” The future of the large tortoiseshell in the UK remains hopeful as conservationists work to ensure its survival and expansion.
